chore(aoc): add FibHeap DecreaseKey

.gitea/workflows/test.yml

@@ -28,6 +28,6 @@ jobs:
         go-version: 1.21.3
 
     - name: Test
-      run: go test --race -cover ./...
+      run: go test -timeout 240s -race -cover ./...
 
     - run: echo "🍏 This job's status is ${{ job.status }}."

aoc_test.go

@@ -85,36 +85,35 @@ func TestPriorityQueue(t *testing.T) {
 	is := is.New(t)
 
 	type elem [2]int
-	less := func(a, b elem) bool {
+	less := func(b, a *elem) bool {
-		return b[0] < a[0]
+		return (*a)[0] < (*b)[0]
 	}
 
 	pq := aoc.PriorityQueue(less)
 
-	pq.Enqueue(elem{1, 4})
+	pq.Insert(&elem{1, 4})
-	pq.Enqueue(elem{3, 2})
+	pq.Insert(&elem{3, 2})
-	pq.Enqueue(elem{2, 3})
+	pq.Insert(&elem{2, 3})
-	pq.Enqueue(elem{4, 1})
+	pq.Insert(&elem{4, 1})
 
-	v, ok := pq.Dequeue()
+	v := pq.ExtractMin()
-	is.True(ok)
+	is.True(v != nil)
-	is.Equal(v, elem{4, 1})
+	is.Equal(v, &elem{4, 1})
 
-	v, ok = pq.Dequeue()
+	v = pq.ExtractMin()
-	is.True(ok)
+	is.True(v != nil)
-	is.Equal(v, elem{3, 2})
+	is.Equal(v, &elem{3, 2})
 
-	v, ok = pq.Dequeue()
+	v = pq.ExtractMin()
-	is.True(ok)
+	is.True(v != nil)
-	is.Equal(v, elem{2, 3})
+	is.Equal(v, &elem{2, 3})
 
-	v, ok = pq.Dequeue()
+	v = pq.ExtractMin()
-	is.True(ok)
+	is.True(v != nil)
-	is.Equal(v, elem{1, 4})
+	is.Equal(v, &elem{1, 4})
 
-	v, ok = pq.Dequeue()
+	v = pq.ExtractMin()
-	is.True(!ok)
+	is.True(v == nil)
-	is.Equal(v, elem{})
 }
 
 func TestSet(t *testing.T) {
@@ -135,25 +134,12 @@ func TestSet(t *testing.T) {
 	is.Equal(items, []int{1, 2, 3, 4})
 }
 
-// func TestGraph(t *testing.T) {
-// 	g := aoc.Graph[int, uint](7)
-// 	g.AddEdge(0, 1, 2)
-// 	g.AddEdge(0, 2, 6)
-// 	g.AddEdge(1, 3, 5)
-// 	g.AddEdge(2, 3, 8)
-// 	g.AddEdge(3, 4, 10)
-// 	g.AddEdge(3, 5, 15)
-// 	g.AddEdge(4, 6, 2)
-// 	g.AddEdge(5, 6, 6)
-// 	// g.Dijkstra(0)
-// }
-
 func ExamplePriorityQueue() {
 	type memo struct {
 		pt    int
 		score int
 	}
-	less := func(a, b memo) bool { return a.score < b.score }
+	less := func(a, b *memo) bool { return a.score < b.score }
 
 	adj := map[int][][2]int{
 		0: {{1, 2}, {2, 6}},
@@ -169,10 +155,10 @@ func ExamplePriorityQueue() {
 	dist := aoc.DefaultMap[int](int(^uint(0) >> 1))
 
 	dist.Set(0, 0)
-	pq.Enqueue(memo{0, 0})
+	pq.Insert(&memo{0, 0})
 
 	for !pq.IsEmpty() {
-		m, _ := pq.Dequeue()
+		m := pq.ExtractMin()
 
 		u := m.pt
 		if visited.Has(u) {
@@ -188,7 +174,7 @@ func ExamplePriorityQueue() {
 
 			if !visited.Has(v) && du+w < dv {
 				dist.Set(v, du+w)
-				pq.Enqueue(memo{v, du + w})
+				pq.Insert(&memo{v, du + w})
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -208,3 +194,184 @@ func ExamplePriorityQueue() {
 	// point 5 is 22 steps away.
 	// point 6 is 19 steps away.
 }
+
+func TestStack(t *testing.T) {
+	is := is.New(t)
+
+	s := aoc.Stack(1, 2, 3, 4)
+	is.True(!s.IsEmpty())
+	is.Equal(s.Pop(), 4)
+	is.Equal(s.Pop(), 3)
+	is.Equal(s.Pop(), 2)
+	is.Equal(s.Pop(), 1)
+	is.True(s.IsEmpty())
+	s.Push(4, 3, 2, 1)
+	is.True(!s.IsEmpty())
+	is.Equal(s.Pop(), 1)
+	is.Equal(s.Pop(), 2)
+	is.Equal(s.Pop(), 3)
+	is.Equal(s.Pop(), 4)
+	is.True(s.IsEmpty())
+}
+
+func TestGraph(t *testing.T) {
+	is := is.New(t)
+
+	var adjacencyList = map[int][]int{
+		2: {3, 5, 1},
+		1: {2, 4},
+		3: {6, 2},
+		4: {1, 5, 7},
+		5: {2, 6, 8, 4},
+		6: {3, 0, 9, 5},
+		7: {4, 8},
+		8: {5, 9, 7},
+		9: {6, 0, 8},
+	}
+
+	g := aoc.Graph(aoc.WithAdjacencyList[int, int](adjacencyList))
+	is.Equal(g.Neighbors(1), []int{2, 4})
+	is.Equal(map[int][]int(g.AdjacencyList()), adjacencyList)
+}
+
+func ExampleFibHeap() {
+	type memo struct {
+		pt    int
+		score int
+	}
+	less := func(a, b *memo) bool { return (*a).score < (*b).score }
+
+	adj := map[int][][2]int{
+		0: {{1, 2}, {2, 6}},
+		1: {{3, 5}},
+		2: {{3, 8}},
+		3: {{4, 10}, {5, 15}},
+		4: {{6, 2}},
+		5: {{6, 6}},
+	}
+
+	pq := aoc.FibHeap(less)
+	visited := aoc.Set([]int{}...)
+	dist := aoc.DefaultMap[int](int(^uint(0) >> 1))
+
+	dist.Set(0, 0)
+	pq.Insert(&memo{0, 0})
+
+	for !pq.IsEmpty() {
+		m := pq.ExtractMin()
+
+		u := m.pt
+		if visited.Has(u) {
+			continue
+		}
+		visited.Add(u)
+
+		du, _ := dist.Get(u)
+
+		for _, edge := range adj[u] {
+			v, w := edge[0], edge[1]
+			dv, _ := dist.Get(v)
+
+			if !visited.Has(v) && du+w < dv {
+				dist.Set(v, du+w)
+				pq.Insert(&memo{v, du + w})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	items := dist.Items()
+	sort.Slice(items, func(i, j int) bool { return items[i].K < items[j].K })
+	for _, v := range items {
+		fmt.Printf("point %d is %d steps away.\n", v.K, v.V)
+	}
+
+	// Output:
+	// point 0 is 0 steps away.
+	// point 1 is 2 steps away.
+	// point 2 is 6 steps away.
+	// point 3 is 7 steps away.
+	// point 4 is 17 steps away.
+	// point 5 is 22 steps away.
+	// point 6 is 19 steps away.
+}
+
+func TestFibHeap(t *testing.T) {
+	is := is.New(t)
+
+	type elem [2]int
+	less := func(a, b *elem) bool {
+		return (*a)[0] < (*b)[0]
+	}
+
+	pq := aoc.FibHeap(less)
+
+	pq.Insert(&elem{1, 4})
+	pq.Insert(&elem{3, 2})
+	pq.Insert(&elem{2, 3})
+	pq.Insert(&elem{4, 1})
+
+	v := pq.ExtractMin()
+	is.True(v != nil)
+	is.Equal(v, &elem{1, 4})
+
+	pq.Insert(&elem{5, 8})
+	pq.Insert(&elem{6, 7})
+	pq.Insert(&elem{7, 6})
+	pq.Insert(&elem{8, 5})
+
+	v = pq.ExtractMin()
+	is.True(v != nil)
+	is.Equal(v, &elem{2, 3})
+
+	v = pq.ExtractMin()
+	is.True(v != nil)
+	is.Equal(v, &elem{3, 2})
+
+	v = pq.ExtractMin()
+	is.True(v != nil)
+	is.Equal(v, &elem{4, 1})
+
+	v = pq.ExtractMin()
+	is.True(v != nil)
+	is.Equal(v, &elem{5, 8})
+
+	m := aoc.FibHeap(less)
+	m.Insert(&elem{1, 99})
+	m.Insert(&elem{12, 9})
+	m.Insert(&elem{11, 10})
+	m.Insert(&elem{10, 11})
+	m.Insert(&elem{9, 12})
+
+	pq.Merge(m)
+
+	v = pq.Find(func(t *elem) bool {
+		return (*t)[0] == 6
+	})
+	is.Equal(v, &elem{6, 7})
+
+	v = pq.Find(func(t *elem) bool {
+		return (*t)[0] == 12
+	})
+	is.Equal(v, &elem{12, 9})
+
+	v = pq.ExtractMin()
+	is.True(v != nil)
+	is.Equal(v, &elem{1, 99})
+
+	pq.DecreaseKey(
+		func(t *elem) bool { return t[0] == 12 },
+		func(t *elem) { t[0] = 3 },
+	)
+
+	v = pq.ExtractMin()
+	is.True(v != nil)
+	is.Equal(v, &elem{3, 9})
+
+	var keys []int
+	for !pq.IsEmpty() {
+		v := pq.ExtractMin()
+		fmt.Println(v)
+		keys = append(keys, v[0])
+	}
+	is.Equal(keys, []int{6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11})
+}

day17/main.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	aoc "go.sour.is/advent-of-code"
 )
 
-// var log = aoc.Log
+var log = aoc.Log
 
 func main() { aoc.MustResult(aoc.Runner(run)) }
 
@@ -20,118 +20,206 @@ type result struct {
 func (r result) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%#v", r) }
 
 func run(scan *bufio.Scanner) (*result, error) {
-	var m aoc.Map[rune]
+	var m aoc.Map[int16, rune]
 
 	for scan.Scan() {
 		text := scan.Text()
 		m = append(m, []rune(text))
 	}
+	log("start day 17")
 
 	result := result{}
-	result.valuePT1 = search(m, 1, 3)
+	result.valuePT1 = search(m, 1, 3, seenFn)
-	result.valuePT2 = search(m, 4, 10)
+	log("result from part 1 = ", result.valuePT1)
+
+	result.valuePT2 = search(m, 4, 10, nil)
+	log("result from part 2 = ", result.valuePT2)
 
 	return &result, nil
 }
 
-func search(m aoc.Map[rune], minSteps, maxSteps int) int {
+type Point = aoc.Point[int16]
-	type direction int8
+type Map = aoc.Map[int16, rune]
-	type rotate int8
 
-	const (
+// rotate for changing direction
-		CW  rotate = 1
+type rotate int8
-		CCW rotate = -1
-	)
 
-	var (
+const (
-		U = aoc.Point{-1, 0}
+	CW  rotate = 1
-		R = aoc.Point{0, 1}
+	CCW rotate = -1
-		D = aoc.Point{1, 0}
+)
-		L = aoc.Point{0, -1}
-	)
 
-	var Direction = []aoc.Point{U, R, D, L}
+// diretion of path steps
+type direction int8
 
-	var Directions = make(map[aoc.Point]direction, len(Direction))
+var (
-	for k, v := range Direction {
+	U = Point{-1, 0}
-		Directions[v] = direction(k)
+	R = Point{0, 1}
+	D = Point{1, 0}
+	L = Point{0, -1}
+)
+
+var directions = []Point{U, R, D, L}
+
+var directionIDX = func() map[Point]direction {
+	m := make(map[Point]direction, len(directions))
+	for k, v := range directions {
+		m[v] = direction(k)
 	}
+	return m
+}()
 
-	rows, cols := m.Size()
+// position on the map
-	target := aoc.Point{rows - 1, cols - 1}
+type position struct {
-
+	loc       Point
-	type position struct {
+	direction Point
-		loc       aoc.Point
+	steps     int8
-		direction aoc.Point
+}
-		steps     int
+
-	}
+func (p position) step() position {
-
+	return position{p.loc.Add(p.direction), p.direction, p.steps + 1}
-	step := func(p position) position {
+}
-		return position{p.loc.Add(p.direction), p.direction, p.steps + 1}
+func (p position) rotateAndStep(towards rotate) position {
-	}
+	d := directions[(int8(directionIDX[p.direction])+int8(towards)+4)%4]
-	rotateAndStep := func(p position, towards rotate) position {
+	return position{p.loc.Add(d), d, 1}
-		d := Direction[(int8(Directions[p.direction])+int8(towards)+4)%4]
+}
-		// fmt.Println(towards, Directions[p.direction], "->", Directions[d])
+
-		return position{p.loc.Add(d), d, 1}
+// implements FindPath graph interface
-	}
+type graph struct {
-
+	min, max int8
-	type memo struct {
+	m        Map
-		cost int
+	target   Point
-		position
+	reads    int
-	}
+	seenFn   func(a position) position
-	less := func(a, b memo) bool {
+}
-		if a.cost != b.cost {
+
-			return a.cost < b.cost
+// Neighbors returns valid steps from given position. if at target returns none.
-		}
+func (g *graph) Neighbors(current position) []position {
-		if a.position.loc != b.position.loc {
+	var nbs []position
-			return b.position.loc.Less(a.position.loc)
+
-		}
+	if current.steps == 0 {
-		if a.position.direction != b.position.direction {
+		return []position{
-			return b.position.direction.Less(a.position.direction)
+			{R, R, 1},
-		}
+			{D, D, 1},
-		return a.steps < b.steps
+		}
-	}
+	}
-
+
-	pq := aoc.PriorityQueue(less)
+	if current.loc == g.target {
-	pq.Enqueue(memo{position: position{direction: D}})
+		return nil
-	pq.Enqueue(memo{position: position{direction: R}})
+	}
-	visited := aoc.Set[position]()
+
-
+	if left := current.rotateAndStep(CCW); current.steps >= g.min && g.m.Valid(left.loc) {
-	for !pq.IsEmpty() {
+		nbs = append(nbs, left)
-		current, _ := pq.Dequeue()
+	}
-
+
-		if current.loc == target && current.steps >= minSteps {
+	if right := current.rotateAndStep(CW); current.steps >= g.min && g.m.Valid(right.loc) {
-			return current.cost
+		nbs = append(nbs, right)
-		}
+	}
-
+
-		seen := position{loc: current.loc, direction: current.direction, steps: current.steps}
+	if forward := current.step(); current.steps < g.max && g.m.Valid(forward.loc) {
-
+		nbs = append(nbs, forward)
-		if visited.Has(seen) {
+	}
-			// fmt.Println("visited", seen)
+
-			continue
+	return nbs
-		}
+}
-		visited.Add(seen)
+
-
+// Cost calculates heat cost to neighbor from map
-		// fmt.Print("\033[2J\033[H")
+func (g *graph) Cost(a, b position) int16 {
-		// fmt.Println("step ", current.steps, " dir ", Directions[current.direction], " steps ",  " score ", current.cost, current.loc)
+	g.reads++
-
+	_, r, _ := g.m.Get(b.loc)
-		if left := rotateAndStep(current.position, CCW); current.steps >= minSteps && m.Valid(left.loc) {
+	return int16(r - '0')
-			_, cost, _ := m.Get(left.loc)
+}
-			// fmt.Println("turn left", current, left)
+
-			pq.Enqueue(memo{cost: current.cost + int(cost-'0'), position: left})
+// Potential calculates distance to target
-		}
+// func (g *graph) Potential(a position) int16 {
-
+// 	return aoc.ManhattanDistance(a.loc, g.target)
-		if right := rotateAndStep(current.position, CW); current.steps >= minSteps && m.Valid(right.loc) {
+// }
-			_, cost, _ := m.Get(right.loc)
+
-			// fmt.Println("turn right", current, right)
+// Target returns true when target reached. receives node and cost.
-			pq.Enqueue(memo{cost: current.cost + int(cost-'0'), position: right})
+func (g *graph) Target(a position, c int16) bool {
-		}
+	if a.loc == g.target && a.steps >= g.min && a.steps <= g.max {
-
+		return true
-		if forward := step(current.position); current.steps < maxSteps && m.Valid(forward.loc) {
+	}
-			_, cost, _ := m.Get(forward.loc)
+	return false
-			// fmt.Println("go forward", current, forward)
+}
-			pq.Enqueue(memo{cost: current.cost + int(cost-'0'), position: forward})
+
-		}
+// Seen attempt at simplifying the seen to use horizontal/vertical and no steps.
-	}
+// It returns correct for part1 but not part 2..
-	return -1
+func (g *graph) Seen(a position) position {
+	if g.seenFn != nil {
+		return g.seenFn(a)
+	}
+	return a
+}
+
+func seenFn(a position) position {
+	if a.direction == U {
+		a.direction = D
+	}
+	if a.direction == L {
+		a.direction = R
+	}
+	// a.steps = 0
+	return a
+}
+
+func search(m Map, minSteps, maxSteps int8, seenFn func(position) position) int {
+	rows, cols := m.Size()
+	start := Point{}
+	target := Point{rows - 1, cols - 1}
+
+	g := graph{min: minSteps, max: maxSteps, m: m, target: target, seenFn: seenFn}
+
+	cost, path, closed := aoc.FindPath[int16, position](&g, position{loc: start}, position{loc: target})
+
+	log("total map reads = ", g.reads, "cost = ", cost)
+	printGraph(m, path, closed, g.seenFn)
+
+	return int(cost)
+}
+
+// printGraph with the path/cost overlay
+func printGraph(m Map, path []position, closed map[position]int16, seenFn func(a position) position) {
+	pts := make(map[Point]position, len(path))
+	for _, pt := range path {
+		pts[pt.loc] = pt
+	}
+
+	clpt := make(map[position]position, len(closed))
+	for pt := range closed {
+		clpt[position{loc: pt.loc, steps: pt.steps}] = pt
+	}
+
+	for r, row := range m {
+		// if r == 0 {
+		// 	for c := range row {
+		// 		if c == 0 {
+		// 			fmt.Print("     ")
+		// 		}
+		// 		fmt.Printf("% 5d", c)
+		// 	}
+		// 	fmt.Println("")
+		// }
+		for c := range row {
+			// if c == 0 {
+			// 	fmt.Printf("% 5d", r)
+			// }
+
+			if pt, ok := pts[Point{int16(r), int16(c)}]; ok {
+				if seenFn != nil {
+					pt = seenFn(pt)
+				}
+				_ = pt
+				// fmt.Printf("% 5d", closed[pt])
+				fmt.Print("*")
+
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// fmt.Print(" ....")
+			fmt.Print(" ")
+		}
+		fmt.Println("")
+	}
+	fmt.Println("")
 }

day17/main_test.go

@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ func TestExample(t *testing.T) {
 	is.Equal(result.valuePT2, 94)
 }
 
-// func TestSolution(t *testing.T) {
+func TestSolution(t *testing.T) {
-// 	is := is.New(t)
+	is := is.New(t)
-// 	scan := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(input))
+	scan := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(input))
 
-// 	result, err := run(scan)
+	result, err := run(scan)
-// 	is.NoErr(err)
+	is.NoErr(err)
 
-// 	t.Log(result)
+	t.Log(result)
-// 	is.Equal(result.valuePT1, 843)
+	is.Equal(result.valuePT1, 843)
-// 	is.Equal(result.valuePT2, 1017)
+	is.Equal(result.valuePT2, 1017)
-// }
+}

day18/main.go

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func run(scan *bufio.Scanner) (*result, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
-var OFFSET = map[string]aoc.Point{
+var OFFSET = map[string]aoc.Point[int]{
 	"R": {0, 1},
 	"D": {1, 0},
 	"L": {0, -1},
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func fromColor(c string) aoc.Vector {
 }
 
 func findArea(vecs []aoc.Vector) int {
-	shoelace := []aoc.Point{{0, 0}}
+	shoelace := []aoc.Point[int]{{0, 0}}
 	borderLength := 0
 
 	for _, vec := range vecs {

day19/main.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ func main() { aoc.MustResult(aoc.Runner(run)) }
 
 type result struct {
 	valuePT1 int
-	valuePT2 int
+	valuePT2 uint
 }
 
 func (r result) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%#v", r) }
@@ -32,100 +32,19 @@ func run(scan *bufio.Scanner) (*result, error) {
 		}
 
 		// Is Part
-		if text[0] == '{' {
+		if p, ok := scanPart(text); ok {
-			var p part
-			for _, s := range strings.Split(text[1:], ",") {
-				a, b, _ := strings.Cut(s, "=")
-				i := aoc.Atoi(b)
-				switch a {
-				case "x":
-					p.x = i
-				case "m":
-					p.m = i
-				case "a":
-					p.a = i
-				case "s":
-					p.s = i
-				}
-			}
 			parts = append(parts, p)
 			continue
 		}
 
-		name, text, _ := strings.Cut(text, "{")
+		if name, r, ok := scanRule(text); ok {
-		var r []rule
+			workflows[name] = r
-		for _, s := range strings.Split(text, ",") {
-			if a, b, ok := strings.Cut(s, "<"); ok {
-				b, c, _ := strings.Cut(b, ":")
-				r = append(r, rule{
-					match: a,
-					op:    "<",
-					value: aoc.Atoi(b),
-					queue: c,
-				})
-
-				continue
-			}
-			if a, b, ok := strings.Cut(s, ">"); ok {
-				b, c, _ := strings.Cut(b, ":")
-				r = append(r, rule{
-					match: a,
-					op:    ">",
-					value: aoc.Atoi(b),
-					queue: c,
-				})
-				continue
-			}
-
-			// default queue comes last
-			r = append(r, rule{queue: s})
-			break
-		}
-		workflows[name] = r
-	}
-
-	var rejected []part
-	var accepted []part
-
-	for _, p := range parts {
-		workflow := "in"
-
-nextStep:
-		for workflow != "" {
-			for _, r := range workflows[workflow] {
-				if !r.Match(p) {
-					continue
-				}
-				workflow = r.queue
-
-				if workflow == "A" {
-					accepted = append(accepted, p)
-					workflow = ""
-					break nextStep
-				}
-				if workflow == "R" {
-					rejected = append(rejected, p)
-					workflow = ""
-					break nextStep
-				}
-
-				continue nextStep
-			}
-
 		}
 	}
 
-	fmt.Println("accepted", accepted)
-	fmt.Println("rejected", rejected)
-
 	var result result
-
+	result.valuePT1 = solveWorkflow(parts, workflows)
-	for _, p := range accepted {
+	result.valuePT2 = solveRanges(workflows)
-		result.valuePT1 += p.x
-		result.valuePT1 += p.m
-		result.valuePT1 += p.a
-		result.valuePT1 += p.s
-	}
 
 	return &result, nil
 }
@@ -133,15 +52,73 @@ nextStep:
 type part struct {
 	x, m, a, s int
 }
+
 func (p part) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("{x:%v m:%v a:%v s:%v}", p.x,p.m,p.a,p.s)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("{x:%v m:%v a:%v s:%v}", p.x, p.m, p.a, p.s)
 }
+func scanPart(text string) (part, bool) {
+	var p part
+
+	// Is Part
+	if text[0] == '{' {
+		for _, s := range strings.Split(text[1:], ",") {
+			a, b, _ := strings.Cut(s, "=")
+			i := aoc.Atoi(b)
+			switch a {
+			case "x":
+				p.x = i
+			case "m":
+				p.m = i
+			case "a":
+				p.a = i
+			case "s":
+				p.s = i
+			}
+		}
+		return p, true
+	}
+	return p, false
+}
+
 type rule struct {
 	match string
 	op    string
 	value int
 	queue string
 }
+
+func scanRule(text string) (string, []rule, bool) {
+	name, text, _ := strings.Cut(text, "{")
+	var r []rule
+	for _, s := range strings.Split(text, ",") {
+		if a, b, ok := strings.Cut(s, "<"); ok {
+			b, c, _ := strings.Cut(b, ":")
+			r = append(r, rule{
+				match: a,
+				op:    "<",
+				value: aoc.Atoi(b),
+				queue: c,
+			})
+
+			continue
+		}
+		if a, b, ok := strings.Cut(s, ">"); ok {
+			b, c, _ := strings.Cut(b, ":")
+			r = append(r, rule{
+				match: a,
+				op:    ">",
+				value: aoc.Atoi(b),
+				queue: c,
+			})
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// default queue comes last
+		r = append(r, rule{queue: s})
+		break
+	}
+	return name, r, len(r) > 0
+}
 func (r rule) Match(p part) bool {
 	var value int
 
@@ -161,17 +138,118 @@ func (r rule) Match(p part) bool {
 	if r.op == ">" && value > r.value {
 		return true
 	} else if r.op == "<" && value < r.value {
-		return  true		
+		return true
-	} 
+	}
-	return  false // no match
+	return false // no match
 }
 
+func solveWorkflow(parts []part, workflows map[string][]rule) int {
+	// var rejected []part
+	var accepted []part
 
-func in(n string, haystack ...string) bool {
+	for _, p := range parts {
-	for _, h := range haystack {
+		workflow := "in"
-		if n == h {
+
-			return true
+	nextStep:
+		for workflow != "" {
+			for _, r := range workflows[workflow] {
+				if !r.Match(p) {
+					continue
+				}
+				workflow = r.queue
+
+				if workflow == "A" {
+					accepted = append(accepted, p)
+					workflow = ""
+					break nextStep
+				}
+				if workflow == "R" {
+					// rejected = append(rejected, p)
+					workflow = ""
+					break nextStep
+				}
+
+				continue nextStep
+			}
 		}
 	}
-	return false
+
+	sum := 0
+	for _, p := range accepted {
+		sum += p.x
+		sum += p.m
+		sum += p.a
+		sum += p.s
+	}
+	return sum
+}
+
+func solveRanges(workflows map[string][]rule) uint {
+
+	pq := aoc.PriorityQueue(func(a, b *queue) bool { return false })
+	pq.Insert(&queue{
+		"in",
+		block{
+			ranger{1, 4000},
+			ranger{1, 4000},
+			ranger{1, 4000},
+			ranger{1, 4000},
+		}})
+
+	var accepted []block
+	// var rejected []block
+
+	for !pq.IsEmpty() {
+		current := pq.ExtractMin()
+		for _, rule := range workflows[current.name] {
+			next := &queue{name: rule.queue, block: current.block}
+
+			switch rule.match {
+			case "x":
+				current.x, next.x = split(current.x, rule.value, rule.op == ">")
+			case "m":
+				current.m, next.m = split(current.m, rule.value, rule.op == ">")
+			case "a":
+				current.a, next.a = split(current.a, rule.value, rule.op == ">")
+			case "s":
+				current.s, next.s = split(current.s, rule.value, rule.op == ">")
+			}
+
+			switch next.name {
+			case "R":
+				// rejected = append(rejected, next.block)
+
+			case "A":
+				accepted = append(accepted, next.block)
+
+			default:
+				pq.Insert(next)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	var sum uint
+	for _, a := range accepted {
+		sum += uint((a.x[1] - a.x[0] + 1) * (a.m[1] - a.m[0] + 1) * (a.a[1] - a.a[0] + 1) * (a.s[1] - a.s[0] + 1))
+	}
+
+	return sum
+}
+
+type ranger [2]int
+type block struct {
+	x, m, a, s ranger
+}
+type queue struct {
+	name string
+	block
+}
+
+func split(a ranger, n int, gt bool) (current ranger, next ranger) {
+	if gt { // x > N => [0,N] [N++,inf]
+		return ranger{a[0], n}, ranger{n + 1, a[1]}
+	}
+
+	// x < N => [N,inf] [0,N--]
+	return ranger{n, a[1]}, ranger{a[0], n - 1}
 }

day19/main_test.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func TestExample(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Log(result)
 	is.Equal(result.valuePT1, 19114)
-	is.Equal(result.valuePT2, 0)
+	is.Equal(result.valuePT2, uint(167409079868000))
 }
 
 func TestSolution(t *testing.T) {
@@ -37,5 +37,5 @@ func TestSolution(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Log(result)
 	is.Equal(result.valuePT1, 377025)
-	is.Equal(result.valuePT2, 0)
+	is.Equal(result.valuePT2, uint(135506683246673))
 }

grids.go

@@ -1,23 +1,28 @@
 package aoc
 
+import (
+	"cmp"
+	"sort"
+)
+
 type Vector struct {
-	Offset Point
+	Offset Point[int]
 	Scale  int
 }
 
-func (v Vector) Point() Point {
+func (v Vector) Point() Point[int] {
 	return v.Offset.Scale(v.Scale)
 }
 
-type Point [2]int
+type Point[T integer] [2]T
 
-func (p Point) Add(a Point) Point {
+func (p Point[T]) Add(a Point[T]) Point[T] {
-	return Point{p[0] + a[0], p[1] + a[1]}
+	return Point[T]{p[0] + a[0], p[1] + a[1]}
 }
-func (p Point) Scale(m int) Point {
+func (p Point[T]) Scale(m T) Point[T] {
-	return Point{p[0] * m, p[1] * m}
+	return Point[T]{p[0] * m, p[1] * m}
 }
-func (p Point) Less(b Point) bool {
+func (p Point[T]) Less(b Point[T]) bool {
 	if p[0] != b[0] {
 		return p[0] < b[0]
 	}
@@ -41,7 +46,7 @@ func Transpose[T any](matrix [][]T) [][]T {
 }
 
 // NumPoints the number of the points inside an outline plus the number of points in the outline
-func NumPoints(outline []Point, borderLength int) int {
+func NumPoints(outline []Point[int], borderLength int) int {
 	// shoelace - find the float area in a shape
 	sum := 0
 	for _, p := range Pairwise(outline) {
@@ -56,23 +61,114 @@ func NumPoints(outline []Point, borderLength int) int {
 	return (ABS(area) - borderLength/2 + 1) + borderLength
 }
 
-type Map[T any] [][]T
+type Map[I integer, T any] [][]T
 
-func (m *Map[T]) Get(p Point) (Point, T, bool) {
+func (m *Map[I, T]) Get(p Point[I]) (Point[I], T, bool) {
 	var zero T
 	if !m.Valid(p) {
-		return [2]int{0, 0}, zero, false
+		return [2]I{0, 0}, zero, false
 	}
 
 	return p, (*m)[p[0]][p[1]], true
 }
-func (m *Map[T]) Size() (int, int) {
+func (m *Map[I, T]) Size() (I, I) {
 	if m == nil || len(*m) == 0 {
 		return 0, 0
 	}
-	return len(*m), len((*m)[0])
+	return I(len(*m)), I(len((*m)[0]))
 }
-func (m *Map[T]) Valid(p Point) bool {
+func (m *Map[I, T]) Valid(p Point[I]) bool {
 	rows, cols := m.Size()
 	return p[0] >= 0 && p[0] < rows && p[1] >= 0 && p[1] < cols
 }
+
+type adjacencyList[V any, C comparable] map[C][]V
+type graph[V any, W cmp.Ordered, C comparable] map[C]*vertex[V, W]
+type graphOption[V any, W cmp.Ordered, C comparable] func(g *graph[V, W, C])
+type vertex[V any, W cmp.Ordered] struct {
+	Value V
+	Edges edges[V, W]
+}
+
+func (v *vertex[V, W]) Neighbors() []V {
+	var nbs []V
+	sort.Sort(v.Edges)
+	for _, e := range v.Edges {
+		nbs = append(nbs, e.Vertex.Value)
+	}
+	return nbs
+}
+
+type edge[V any, W cmp.Ordered] struct {
+	Vertex *vertex[V, W]
+	Weight W
+}
+type edges[V any, W cmp.Ordered] []edge[V, W]
+
+func (e edges[V, W]) Len() int           { return len(e) }
+func (e edges[V, W]) Less(i, j int) bool { return e[i].Weight < e[j].Weight }
+func (e edges[V, W]) Swap(i, j int)      { e[i], e[j] = e[j], e[i] }
+
+func Graph[V any, W cmp.Ordered, C comparable](opts ...graphOption[V, W, C]) *graph[V, W, C] {
+	g := make(graph[V, W, C])
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(&g)
+	}
+	return &g
+}
+func (g *graph[V, W, C]) AddVertex(id C, value V) {
+	(*g)[id] = &vertex[V,W]{Value: value}
+}
+func (g *graph[V, W, C]) AddEdge(from, to C, w W) {
+	if g == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if _, ok := (*g)[from]; !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if _, ok := (*g)[to]; !ok {
+		return
+	}
+
+	(*g)[from].Edges = append((*g)[from].Edges, edge[V,W]{(*g)[to], w})
+}
+func (g *graph[V, W, C]) Neighbors(v C) []V {
+	if g == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return (*g)[v].Neighbors()
+}
+func (g *graph[V, W, C]) AdjacencyList() adjacencyList[V, C] {
+	m := make(map[C][]V)
+	for id, v := range *g {
+		if len(v.Edges) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		m[id] = v.Neighbors()
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+func WithAdjacencyList[W cmp.Ordered, C comparable](list adjacencyList[C, C]) graphOption[C, W, C] {
+	var zeroW W
+	return func(g *graph[C, W, C]) {
+		for vertex, edges := range list {
+			if _, ok := (*g)[vertex]; !ok {
+				g.AddVertex(vertex, vertex)
+			}
+
+			// add edges to vertex
+			for _, edge := range edges {
+				// add edge as vertex, if not added
+				if _, ok := (*g)[edge]; !ok {
+					g.AddVertex(edge, edge)
+				}
+
+				g.AddEdge(vertex, edge, zeroW) // no weights in this adjacency list
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// func GraphFromMap()

math.go

@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@ package aoc
 import "cmp"
 
 type uinteger interface {
-	uint | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64
+	~uint | ~uint8 | ~uint16 | ~uint32 | ~uint64
 }
 type sinteger interface {
-	int | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64
+	~int | ~int8 | ~int16 | ~int32 | ~int64
 }
 type integer interface {
 	sinteger | uinteger
 }
 
-// type float interface {
+type float interface {
-// 	complex64 | complex128 | float32 | float64
+	complex64 | complex128 | float32 | float64
-// }
+}
-// type number interface{ integer | float }
+type number interface{ integer | float }
 
 // greatest common divisor (GCD) via Euclidean algorithm
 func GCD[T integer](a, b T) T {
@@ -46,17 +46,17 @@ func LCM[T integer](integers ...T) T {
 	return result
 }
 
-func Sum[T integer](arr ...T) T {
+func Sum[T number](arr ...T) T {
 	var acc T
 	for _, a := range arr {
 		acc += a
 	}
 	return acc
 }
-func SumFunc[T any, U integer](fn func(T) U, input ...T) U {
+func SumFunc[T any, U number](fn func(T) U, input ...T) U {
 	return Sum(SliceMap(fn, input...)...)
 }
-func SumIFunc[T any, U integer](fn func(int, T) U, input ...T) U {
+func SumIFunc[T any, U number](fn func(int, T) U, input ...T) U {
 	return Sum(SliceIMap(fn, input...)...)
 }
 
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func Power2(n int) int {
 	return p
 }
 
-func ABS(i int) int {
+func ABS[I integer](i I) I {
 	if i < 0 {
 		return -i
 	}

runner.go

@@ -2,25 +2,70 @@ package aoc
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
+	"flag"
 	"fmt"
+	"log"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"runtime/pprof"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 )
 
+var cpuprofile = flag.String("cpuprofile", "", "write cpu profile to `file`")
+var memprofile = flag.String("memprofile", "", "write memory profile to `file`")
+
 func Runner[R any, F func(*bufio.Scanner) (R, error)](run F) (R, error) {
-	if len(os.Args) != 2 {
+	if len(os.Args) < 2 {
 		Log("Usage:", filepath.Base(os.Args[0]), "FILE")
 		os.Exit(22)
 	}
 
-	input, err := os.Open(os.Args[1])
+	inputFilename := os.Args[1]
+	os.Args = append(os.Args[:1], os.Args[2:]...)
+
+	flag.Parse()
+	Log(cpuprofile, memprofile, *cpuprofile, *memprofile)
+	if *cpuprofile != "" {
+		Log("enabled cpu profile")
+		f, err := os.Create(*cpuprofile)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal("could not create CPU profile: ", err)
+		}
+		defer f.Close() // error handling omitted for example
+		Log("write cpu profile to", f.Name())
+		if err := pprof.StartCPUProfile(f); err != nil {
+			log.Fatal("could not start CPU profile: ", err)
+		}
+		defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
+	}
+
+	if *memprofile != "" {
+		Log("enabled mem profile")
+		defer func() {
+			f, err := os.Create(*memprofile)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Fatal("could not create memory profile: ", err)
+			}
+			Log("write mem profile to", f.Name())
+			defer f.Close() // error handling omitted for example
+			runtime.GC()    // get up-to-date statistics
+			if err := pprof.WriteHeapProfile(f); err != nil {
+				log.Fatal("could not write memory profile: ", err)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+
+	input, err := os.Open(inputFilename)
 	if err != nil {
 		Log(err)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	scan := bufio.NewScanner(input)
+
 	return run(scan)
 }
 
@@ -33,7 +78,10 @@ func MustResult[T any](result T, err error) {
 	Log("result", result)
 }
 
-func Log(v ...any) { fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, v...) }
+func Log(v ...any) {
+	fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, time.Now(), ": ")
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, v...)
+}
 func Logf(format string, v ...any) {
 	if !strings.HasSuffix(format, "\n") {
 		format += "\n"

search.go

@@ -1,35 +1,348 @@
 package aoc
 
 import (
+	"math/bits"
 	"sort"
 )
 
-type priorityQueue[T any, U []T] struct {
+type priorityQueue[T any] struct {
-	elems U
+	elems        []*T
-	less  func(a, b T) bool
+	less         func(a, b *T) bool
+	maxDepth     int
+	totalEnqueue int
+	totalDequeue int
 }
 
-func PriorityQueue[T any, U []T](less func(a, b T) bool) *priorityQueue[T, U] {
+// PriorityQueue implements a simple slice based queue.
-	return &priorityQueue[T, U]{less: less}
+// less is the function for sorting. reverse a and b to reverse the sort.
+// T is the item
+// U is a slice of T
+func PriorityQueue[T any](less func(a, b *T) bool) *priorityQueue[T] {
+	return &priorityQueue[T]{less: less}
 }
-func (pq *priorityQueue[T, U]) Enqueue(elem T) {
+func (pq *priorityQueue[T]) Insert(elem *T) {
+	pq.totalEnqueue++
+
 	pq.elems = append(pq.elems, elem)
-	sort.Slice(pq.elems, func(i, j int) bool { return pq.less(pq.elems[j], pq.elems[i]) })
+	pq.maxDepth = max(pq.maxDepth, len(pq.elems))
 }
-func (pq *priorityQueue[T, I]) IsEmpty() bool {
+func (pq *priorityQueue[T]) IsEmpty() bool {
 	return len(pq.elems) == 0
 }
-func (pq *priorityQueue[T, I]) Dequeue() (T, bool) {
+func (pq *priorityQueue[T]) ExtractMin() *T {
-	var elem T
+	pq.totalDequeue++
+
+	var elem *T
 	if pq.IsEmpty() {
-		return elem, false
+		return elem
 	}
 
+	sort.Slice(pq.elems, func(i, j int) bool { return pq.less(pq.elems[j], pq.elems[i]) })
 	pq.elems, elem = pq.elems[:len(pq.elems)-1], pq.elems[len(pq.elems)-1]
-	return elem, true
+	return elem
 }
 
-type DS[T comparable] struct {
+type stack[T any] []T
-	*priorityQueue[T, []T]
+
-	*set[T]
+func Stack[T any](a ...T) *stack[T] {
+	var s stack[T] = a
+	return &s
+}
+func (s *stack[T]) Push(a ...T) {
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	*s = append(*s, a...)
+}
+func (s *stack[T]) IsEmpty() bool {
+	return s == nil || len(*s) == 0
+}
+func (s *stack[T]) Pop() T {
+	var a T
+	if s.IsEmpty() {
+		return a
+	}
+	a, *s = (*s)[len(*s)-1], (*s)[:len(*s)-1]
+	return a
+}
+
+// ManhattanDistance the distance between two points measured along axes at right angles.
+func ManhattanDistance[T integer](a, b Point[T]) T {
+	return ABS(a[0]-b[0]) + ABS(a[1]-b[1])
+}
+
+type pather[C number, N comparable] interface {
+	// Neighbors returns all neighbors to node N that should be considered next.
+	Neighbors(N) []N
+
+	// Cost returns
+	Cost(a, b N) C
+
+	// Target returns true when target reached. receives node and cost.
+	Target(N, C) bool
+
+	// OPTIONAL:
+	// Add heuristic for running as A* search.
+	// Potential(N) C
+
+	// Seen modify value used by seen pruning.
+	// Seen(N) N
+
+}
+
+// FindPath uses the A* path finding algorithem.
+// g is the graph source that implements the pather interface.
+//
+//	C is an numeric type for calculating cost/potential
+//	N is the node values. is comparable for storing in visited table for pruning.
+//
+// start, end are nodes that dileniate the start and end of the search path.
+// The returned values are the calculated cost and the path taken from start to end.
+func FindPath[C integer, N comparable](g pather[C, N], start, end N) (C, []N, map[N]C) {
+	var zero C
+
+	var seenFn = func(a N) N { return a }
+	if s, ok := g.(interface{ Seen(N) N }); ok {
+		seenFn = s.Seen
+	}
+
+	var potentialFn = func(N) C { var zero C; return zero }
+	if p, ok := g.(interface{ Potential(N) C }); ok {
+		potentialFn = p.Potential
+	}
+
+	type node struct {
+		cost      C
+		potential C
+		parent    *node
+		position  N
+	}
+
+	newPath := func(n *node) []N {
+		var path []N
+		for n.parent != nil {
+			path = append(path, n.position)
+			n = n.parent
+		}
+		path = append(path, n.position)
+
+		Reverse(path)
+		return path
+	}
+
+	less := func(a, b *node) bool {
+		return a.cost+a.potential < b.cost+b.potential
+	}
+
+	closed := make(map[N]C)
+	open := FibHeap(less)
+
+	open.Insert(&node{position: start, potential: potentialFn(start)})
+	closed[start] = zero
+
+	for !open.IsEmpty() {
+		current := open.ExtractMin()
+		for _, nb := range g.Neighbors(current.position) {
+			next := &node{
+				position:  nb,
+				parent:    current,
+				cost:      g.Cost(current.position, nb) + current.cost,
+				potential: potentialFn(nb),
+			}
+
+			seen := seenFn(nb)
+			cost, ok := closed[seen]
+			if !ok || next.cost < cost {
+				open.Insert(next)
+				closed[seen] = next.cost
+			}
+
+			if next.potential == zero && g.Target(next.position, next.cost) {
+				return next.cost, newPath(next), closed
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return zero, nil, closed
+}
+
+type fibTree[T any] struct {
+	value  *T
+	parent *fibTree[T]
+	child  []*fibTree[T]
+	mark   bool
+}
+
+func (t *fibTree[T]) Value() *T { return t.value }
+func (t *fibTree[T]) addAtEnd(n *fibTree[T]) {
+	n.parent = t
+	t.child = append(t.child, n)
+}
+
+type fibHeap[T any] struct {
+	trees []*fibTree[T]
+	least *fibTree[T]
+	count uint
+	less  func(a, b *T) bool
+}
+
+func FibHeap[T any](less func(a, b *T) bool) *fibHeap[T] {
+	return &fibHeap[T]{less: less}
+}
+
+func (h *fibHeap[T]) GetMin() *T {
+	return h.least.value
+}
+
+func (h *fibHeap[T]) IsEmpty() bool { return h.least == nil }
+
+func (h *fibHeap[T]) Insert(v *T) {
+	ntree := &fibTree[T]{value: v}
+	h.trees = append(h.trees, ntree)
+	if h.least == nil || h.less(v, h.least.value) {
+		h.least = ntree
+	}
+	h.count++
+}
+
+func (h *fibHeap[T]) ExtractMin() *T {
+	smallest := h.least
+	if smallest != nil {
+		// Remove smallest from root trees.
+		for i := range h.trees {
+			pos := h.trees[i]
+			if pos == smallest {
+				h.trees[i] = h.trees[len(h.trees)-1]
+				h.trees = h.trees[:len(h.trees)-1]
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Add children to root
+		h.trees = append(h.trees, smallest.child...)
+		smallest.child = smallest.child[:0]
+
+		h.least = nil
+		if len(h.trees) > 0 {
+			h.consolidate()
+		}
+
+		h.count--
+		return smallest.value
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (h *fibHeap[T]) consolidate() {
+	aux := make([]*fibTree[T], bits.Len(h.count)+1)
+	for _, x := range h.trees {
+		order := len(x.child)
+
+		// consolidate the larger roots under smaller roots of same order until we have at most one tree per order.
+		for aux[order] != nil {
+			y := aux[order]
+			if h.less(y.value, x.value) {
+				x, y = y, x
+			}
+			x.addAtEnd(y)
+			aux[order] = nil
+			order++
+		}
+		aux[order] = x
+	}
+
+	h.trees = h.trees[:0]
+	// move ordered trees to root and find least node.
+	for _, k := range aux {
+		if k != nil {
+			k.parent = nil
+			h.trees = append(h.trees, k)
+			if h.least == nil || h.less(k.value, h.least.value) {
+				h.least = k
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *fibHeap[T]) Merge(a *fibHeap[T]) {
+	h.trees = append(h.trees, a.trees...)
+	h.count += a.count
+	if h.least == nil || a.least != nil && h.less(a.least.value, h.least.value) {
+		h.least = a.least
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *fibHeap[T]) find(fn func(*T) bool) *fibTree[T] {
+	var st []*fibTree[T]
+	st = append(st, h.trees...)
+	var tr *fibTree[T]
+
+	for len(st) > 0 {
+		tr, st = st[0], st[1:]
+		ro := *tr.value
+		if fn(&ro) {
+			break
+		}
+		st = append(st, tr.child...)
+	}
+
+	return tr
+}
+
+func (h *fibHeap[T]) Find(fn func(*T) bool) *T {
+	if needle := h.find(fn); needle != nil {
+		return needle.value
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (h *fibHeap[T]) DecreaseKey(find func(*T) bool, decrease func(*T)) {
+	needle := h.find(find)
+	if needle == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	decrease(needle.value)
+
+	if h.less(needle.value, h.least.value) {
+		h.least = needle
+	}
+
+	if parent := needle.parent; parent != nil {
+		if h.less(needle.value, parent.value) {
+			h.cut(needle)
+			h.cascadingCut(parent)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *fibHeap[T]) cut(x *fibTree[T]) {
+	parent := x.parent
+	for i := range parent.child {
+		pos := parent.child[i]
+		if pos == x {
+			parent.child[i] = parent.child[len(parent.child)-1]
+			parent.child = parent.child[:len(parent.child)-1]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	x.parent = nil
+	x.mark = false
+	h.trees = append(h.trees, x)
+
+	if h.less(x.value, h.least.value) {
+		h.least = x
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *fibHeap[T]) cascadingCut(y *fibTree[T]) {
+	if y.parent != nil {
+		if !y.mark {
+			y.mark = true
+			return
+		}
+
+		h.cut(y)
+		h.cascadingCut(y.parent)
+	}
 }

set.go

@@ -57,3 +57,12 @@ func (m *defaultMap[K, V]) Items() []pair[K, V] {
 	}
 	return items
 }
+
+func In[C comparable](n C, haystack ...C) bool {
+	for _, h := range haystack {
+		if n == h {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}